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《国王的演讲》背后的史实与虚构 What's the True History Behind The King's Speech(2)

 

   Facts:

  Rumors of George VI's tortured upbringing weren't exaggerated: In addition to the stutter he developed as a child, though left-handed, the poor moppet was forced to write right-handed, and suffered the indignity of corrective leg splints12) to cure his knock knees13). His fondness for smoking was accurately portrayed, too; he developed lung cancer in later life. It's also fair to say that Bertie was an extremely reluctant king. If anything, the movie may have downplayed that fact: Bertie was said to have gone to his mother, Queen Mary, the day before his brother's abdication, and later wrote in his diary that he “sobbed like a child” in her arms after telling her that he was to assume the throne.

  His parents were fairly portrayed as distant, as was customary with upper-crust14) families of the time, with Bertie's father, King George V, once saying of his sons, “My father was scared of his father, I was scared of my father and I'm damned well15) going to see that they're scared of me.” Bertie was known for his short fuse16), as demonstrated by his many arguments and impatient outbursts with Logue in the film, though the filmmakers widely steered clear of rumors that he sometimes struck his wife in his temper; true or not, to publicize the king's less savory characteristics would have undermined the central message of the film, which was framed as a tale of overcoming adversity, not a biopic of Bertie's character.

   史实:

  传说中乔治六世充满痛苦的成长经历在影片中并没有被夸大:除了小时候就患有口吃外,他还是个左撇子,但却被强迫用右手写字,而且,有伤尊严的是,他还使用过下肢矫正夹板来矫正他那X型的畸形腿。对他抽烟嗜好的描写也是真实的,他后来就患上了肺癌。另外,影片说他极不愿意做国王,也是客观公正的。如果说有什么失实的话,那可能就是电影淡化了如下这一史实:据说,在他哥哥退位的前一天,伯蒂曾经找过他的母亲玛丽王后,后来他在日记中写道,在告诉母亲他即将继承王位之后,他在母亲的怀里“哭得像个孩子”。

  他的父母被描绘成“疏远型”的父母,也是符合史实的,这是那个时代上流社会家庭的惯例。伯蒂的父亲,也就是国王乔治五世,有一次曾这样谈论过自己的儿子:“我父亲害怕他的父亲,我害怕我的父亲,我当然也要看到我的儿子们害怕我。”伯蒂的火爆脾气是出了名的,这一点从他在电影中和罗格的多次争论和大发脾气中就可以看出来,但电影制作人完全避开了他在盛怒之下有时会打老婆的传言。不管传言是真是假,公开国王性格中不那么可爱的一面只会妨碍影片中心思想的传达:影片所要塑造的是一个征服逆境的故事,而不是一部记录伯蒂性格的传记片。

  Fiction:

  The most prominent and widely criticized fiction within the film concerns Bertie's political affiliation. While The King's Speech is at pains to portray the king as having a close and amicable relationship with Winston Churchill17) from the outset, in actuality Bertie and his wife were staunch18) supporters of the previous Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain19), and advocated his policy of appeasement20) in regards to Hitler.

  Churchill, on the other hand, was firm friends with Bertie's brother, Edward VIII, and advised him against his decision to abdicate in order to marry Wallis Simpson. When Chamberlain resigned as PM, Bertie trumpeted another politician who favored appeasement, Lord Halifax, over Churchill but was overruled. Still, the two did become close friends during the war, taking weekly meetings together and building what was purported to be “the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister”.

  Another favored gripe from critics points out that physically, Firth bears little resemblance to the monarch he portrayed. George VI was seen as weak and weedy21) because of his various ailments, and was often described as a nitwit22). We spoke to historian and biographer Mary S. Lovell regarding Firth's performance: “Physically, he has no resemblance whatever to King George VI,” she said. “The fact that Firth is so believable in The King's Speech indicates a truly great acting ability.”

  虚构:

  电影中最为人诟病、受到批评最多的虚构情节是伯蒂的政治立场。虽然《国王的演讲》煞费苦心地把国王描述成和温斯顿·丘吉尔一开始就建立了一种亲密友好的关系,但事实上伯蒂和他的王妃是前首相内维尔·张伯伦的铁杆支持者,在对待希特勒的问题上,他们都支持他的绥靖政策。

  另一方面,丘吉尔是伯蒂的哥哥爱德华八世的密友,曾劝说他不要为了与沃利斯·辛普森结婚而放弃王位。当张伯伦辞去首相职位时,伯蒂曾力捧另一位支持绥靖政策的政客哈利法克斯爵士来取代丘吉尔,但最终遭到否决。虽然如此,伯蒂与丘吉尔在二战期间的确成了亲密的朋友,每周都要碰面,建立起了据说是“现代英国历史上君主与首相之间最为密切的个人关系”。

  批评者另一个津津乐道的瑕疵是:从外形上看,费斯和他所扮演的君王几乎没有相似之处。乔治六世由于身患各种病症,身体一直羸弱不堪,而且常常被描绘成白痴。我们曾和历史学家、传记作家玛丽·S·洛弗尔谈论过费斯的表演。“从外形上看,他和国王乔治六世毫无相似之处,”她说,“费斯在《国王的演讲》中之所以如此令人折服,只能说明他的演技太棒了。”

  The Stutter   口吃

  We know it's not technically a character, but considering what an integral part of the tale Bertie's impediment is, we'd be remiss if we didn't tackle the facts and fiction behind it.
   我们也知道,从严格意义上来说,口吃这个毛病在片中不能算作是一个角色,但考虑到伯蒂的口吃是这个故事不可分割的一部分,如果不谈一谈它背后的史实与虚构,那真是我们的失职了。

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