语调,即说话的腔调,指一句话里声调高低抑扬顿挫的变化。英语的基本语调包括升调(↗)和降调(↘),它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。
降调:基本含义是“结束”、“肯定”。常见的是一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊疑问句都用降调。
升调:基本含义是“没有结束”、“不肯定”。常见的一般疑问句用升调。
升降调:表示预期强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情。
升降升调:表示自信、欢快、洋洋得意等感情。
常见句式的语调
陈述句的语调
1.陈述客观事实的陈述句用降调。例如:
They’re from Venezuela. ↘
We’re going to visit them. ↘
I have a dog. ↘
He’s here, but she isn’t. ↘
She’s my sister and he’s my cousin. ↘
After you get here, have a cup of tea. ↘
Before you start, take a deep breath. ↘
Mrs. Parish is the head of the department.↘
2.表示惊讶、激动、生气、恐惧等强烈情绪的陈述句用降调。例如:
Amsterdam is one of the most beautiful cities I’ve ever seen! ↘
I can’t believe he actually said that to you!↘
We’re never gonna finish this project on time! ↘
3.数数和罗列:在这些句子中,最后一项用降调,其它每一项都用升调。例如:
↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, five. ↘
I need ↗shoes, ↗socks, ↗shirts, and pants. ↘
She likes ↗perfume, ↗chocolates, ↗flowers, and money. ↘
特殊疑问句的语调
特殊疑问句一般用降调,句首的疑问词一般重读。例如:
Who is the teacher? ↘
Why are you crying? ↘
What time is it? ↘
How much is the movie? ↘
When does the show begin? ↘
祈使句的语调
祈使句用于要求、请求或命令别人做或不做某事。普通祈使句就像普通陈述句一样用降调。例如:
Put the letter in the mailbox. ↘
Bring me a cup of coffee. ↘
Tell me where the bus stop is. ↘
Don’t take any chances. ↘
一般疑问句和答语的语调
一般疑问句用升调,它的简略回答用降调。例如:
Are you hungry? ↗
Yes, I am. ↘
No, I am not. ↘
Do you likeice cream? ↗
Yes, I do. ↘
No, I don’t. ↘