在众多埃及木乃伊中，最有名的莫过于图坦卡蒙的木乃伊。图坦卡蒙为现代人广为熟知是因为他的坟墓在三千年的时间内从未被盗，直到1922年才被英国人霍华德·卡特（Howard Carter）发现，挖掘出大量珍宝，震惊了西方世界。当然还有那个被媒体过分渲染的“法老的诅咒”。
为了从科学的角度全面了解图坦卡蒙，我们请来埃及著名考古学家、埃及最高文物委员会主席扎希·哈瓦斯给我们讲解这位神秘君王的故事。
It's hot inside the mummy's tomb. Yet no one is complaining. A member of my team holds up a small tool that looks like a corkscrew[螺丝锥]. He places it against the mummy's leg bone and cranks[转动曲柄] it. I wince[畏缩]. It makes a squeaking[发出短而尖的声音] sound as it bores[钻孔] into the ancient bone.
木乃伊的墓穴里很热，但是没有人抱怨。我的一名组员拿起一把样子有点像螺丝锥的小工具。他将工具放在木乃伊的腿骨上，然后转动手柄。我不禁有点畏缩。工具钻入这块古老的骨头时发出了吱吱的声音。
Hanging out with mummies may seem scary, but I do it all the time. I'm an archaeologist[考古学家]. You've probably seen photos of me in my Indiana Jones注 hat. I wear it most days to protect my eyes from the blazing[强烈的] sun. Working outside digging up ancient objects is hot, slow, dirty, and difficult work.
与木乃伊打交道听起来似乎很可怕，但我经常这样做。我是一名考古学家。你也许见过我戴着那顶印第安纳·琼斯帽子的照片。我经常戴着它，以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。在户外挖掘古老物件是一桩酷热、缓慢而又困难的脏活。
Today, I'm inside one of the most famous tombs in the world. King Tut is buried here. His full name is Tutankhamun. I look more like a doctor than an archaeologist. I'm wearing a doctor's white lab coat. Surgical[外科的] gloves cover my hands. A surgical mask hides most of my face. Only my eyes are uncovered. I'm dressed to protect this marvelous mummy from dust and germs.
今天，我身处世界上最著名的其中一个墓穴。图坦王安葬于此。他的全名是图坦卡蒙。我看起来更像一位医生而不是考古学家。我身穿医生的实验白袍，手戴外科手套，脸的大部分都罩在外科面具下，只露出一双眼睛。我穿成这样是为了保护这具不可思议的木乃伊免受灰尘和细菌侵害。
Tomb Raiders[侵入者]
盗墓者
Protecting Tut is important. He lived and died more than 3,000 years ago. We don't know much about that time.
Centuries passed. People forgot about Tut and where he was buried. Then about 90 years ago, archaeologists found his tomb. It's one of 63 tombs carved into cliffs in the middle of modern Egypt. So many kings are buried here, we call it the Valley of the Kings.
Over time, robbers raided many of the valley's royal tombs. Luckily, they never found Tut's tomb. It still held Tut's mummy and other artifacts[人造物品], or objects from the past.
保护图坦卡蒙很重要。他生活的年代距今已有三千多年，我们对那个时代所知甚少。
数个世纪过去了。人们已经忘记了图坦卡蒙以及他安葬的地方。大约在九十年前，考古学家发现了他的坟墓。它是63座雕刻在悬崖上的坟墓中的一座，位于现在埃及的中部。这里葬有多位国王，所以我们把它叫做“帝王谷”。
多年来，盗贼入侵了帝王谷的多个皇家墓穴。幸运的是，他们没有发现图坦卡蒙的墓，所以其墓中仍存有图坦卡蒙的木乃伊、其他手工制品或以前的物件。
Crowning[加冕] the Boy King
年幼称帝
We've learned much from the artifacts found in Tut's tomb. They tell a stunning[令人吃惊的] story about Tut. It's about a young prince. It's about a military leader. It's about a king who died before he could fully rule his kingdom.
The story begins with Tut's father, Akhenaten. He was the king of Egypt. Tut grew up in a city called Amarna. The palace there had courtyards with lush[青葱的] gardens and flowing fountains.
Tut became king after his father died. He was about nine. Most kings weren't that young. Nothing about Tut was typical, though. For example, he was a king with two crowns. That's because ancient Egypt was a divided country. A white crown represented[象征] one part of the country. A red crown represented the other. Wearing the two crowns meant Tut ruled both lands as one.
Tut may have had the crowns of power, but he didn't have real power. Because he was still a boy, he had adults who helped him rule. They had the real power. Just as Tut became old enough to rule on his own, he died. The question of how he died has been a great mystery.
在图坦卡蒙墓中发现的手工制品让我们了解到很多信息。它们讲述了一个关于图坦卡蒙的惊人故事。这个故事讲述了一位年轻王子，一名军事领袖，一位未能完全统治自己的王国就失去了性命的国王。
这个故事要从图坦卡蒙的父亲——阿肯那顿说起。他是埃及的国王。图坦卡蒙在一个叫阿尔马奈的城市长大。那里的宫殿庭院里有茂密的园林和潺潺流动的喷泉。
图坦卡蒙在父亲死后继位，时年将近九岁。大多数国王不是如此年幼。然而图坦卡蒙的一切都不同寻常。例如他有两个皇冠。因为古埃及是一个分裂的国家，白、红皇冠分别代表国家的一部分。戴上两顶皇冠意味着图坦卡蒙统一管治两个地方。
图坦卡蒙也许拥有权力的皇冠，但他没有实权，因为他只是一个小男孩，大人们帮他统治国家。他们才是真正的掌权者。图坦卡蒙刚到可以独立治国的年纪就去世了。他的死因成了一大谜团。
Royal Living
皇家生活
How Tut lived might help answer how he died. The ancient artifacts from his tomb tell us much about his daily life.
图坦卡蒙的生活或许能解释其死因。墓穴内的古老制品向我们充分展示了他的日常生活。
From head to toe, he dressed well. Some of his clothes were plain. Others were covered in beads[珠子] and sewn with colorful threads[线]. He wore heavy gold bracelets[手镯], rings, necklaces, and even earrings. Some of his sandals[凉鞋] have painted portraits of his enemies. Every time Tut took a step, it looked like he was crushing[压碎] his foes[反对者，敌人].
他从头到脚都经过悉心打扮。他的一些衣服很简单，另一些则覆有珠子，并用彩色的线缝合。他戴上沉沉的金手镯、戒指、项链甚至耳环。他的一些凉鞋上画有敌人的画像。图坦卡蒙每踏出一步，就像是将敌人踩在脚下。
The king ate bread, cake, and meat. He munched[用力咀嚼] on chickpeas[鹰嘴豆], lentils[小扁豆], and vegetables. For dessert, he liked honey, dates, figs[无花果], and other fruits.
这位国王食用面包、蛋糕和肉。他用力地嚼鹰嘴豆、小扁豆和蔬菜。在甜品方面，他喜欢蜂蜜、枣、无花果和其他水果。
The Warrior King
武士之王
He may have liked to hunt. Images carved into a golden fan show Tut hunting ostriches[鸵鸟]. On one side, he is shooting at them from his chariot[战车].
On the other side, he is coming home with the birds he has killed.
Tut's life was not all fun and games, though. As king, he had to lead an army. Tut may have driven a chariot to lead his army as they battled Egypt's enemies.
It's not easy bouncing at high speed in a chariot, shooting arrows. It's even harder when foes are shooting back. So Tut had to practice. From chariot driving to
hunting, the ancient artifacts show a king who was active. Yet the more than 100 walking sticks[手杖] in Tut's tomb may tell us something else. Why would a young man need so many walking sticks?
他可能喜欢打猎。一把金扇子上刻画的图像显示图坦卡蒙在捕猎鸵鸟。在其中一面，他在战车上射鸵鸟；在另一面，他将杀死的猎物带回家。
不过，图坦卡蒙的生活并不全是享乐。作为国王，他必须带领军队。在与敌人交战时，他可能要驾驶战车，带领军队冲锋。
在高速行驶的战车中颠簸着射箭很不容易，在敌人反击的情况下就更困难了。所以图坦卡蒙需要练习。从驾驶战车到打猎，古代制品向我们显示了一位活跃的国君。然而，在图坦卡蒙墓穴里的一百多根手杖或许说明了另一些情况。一个年轻人为何需要这么多手杖呢？
The Mummy's Secrets
木乃伊的秘密
The answer to this question is also in Tut's tomb. No, it's not in the objects in the tomb. I now know it's in the mummy itself.
Archaeologists have studied Tut's mummy several times. They've taken x-rays that showed a hole in the back of the mummy's skull. The hole made many people—even me—think Tut had been murdered.
I examined Tut's mummy for the first time several years ago. I will never forget that moment. I never thought I would get the chance to be that close to him. When I looked into Tut's face, I felt such joy.
My team used a CT scanner to take 1,700 pictures of Tut's body. We used the pictures to make a three-dimensional image of him. This image told us that Tut died when he was 19. It also showed that a murderer didn't make the hole in the back of his head. Instead, mummy makers made it after Tut had died.
I was shocked. All my life, I thought this hole meant Tut had been murdered. Now I had to find what really killed him. I looked for new answers in the scan. It showed that Tut's left leg was broken. A wound over the break could have gotten infected[被感染的]. Infections can kill.
The scans also showed that Tut had a deformed[畸形的] foot. He had a bone disease. So the walking sticks were not just symbols of power. He needed a cane[手杖] to walk.
这个问题的答案也藏在图坦卡蒙的墓里。不，不是墓中的物件。现在我知道答案就在木乃伊身上。
考古学家对图坦卡蒙的木乃伊进行过数次研究。他们对木乃伊进行X光检查，发现头盖骨后面有一个孔。这个孔令很多人——甚至我——认为图坦卡蒙死于谋杀。
几年前我第一次检查图坦卡蒙的木乃伊。我永远不会忘记那一刻。我从没想过自己有机会离他这么近。看着他的脸，我感到无比喜悦。
我的队伍用CT扫描仪给图坦卡蒙的身体拍了1700幅照片。我们用这些照片制作出一幅图坦卡蒙的3D立体图。该图像告诉我们图坦卡蒙死的时候19岁，还显示他脑后的孔不是被人谋杀时留下的，而是木乃伊制作者在他死后造成的。
我非常震惊。我一直以为这个孔说明图坦卡蒙死于谋杀。现在我必须找到令他丧命的真正原因。我在扫描过程中寻找新答案。扫描显示图坦卡蒙的左腿有骨折，骨折处的一处伤口可能受到感染，而感染足以致命。
扫描结果还显示图坦卡蒙有一只畸形足。他患有骨病。原来手杖不单是权力的象征，他需要手杖走路。
Testing Tut
检验图坦卡蒙
Everything was beginning to make sense. Still, I needed more information. That's why I took samples of the king's genes.
The tests confirmed that Tut had a bone disease. They also showed that he had malaria[疟疾].
It's a disease carried by infected mosquitoes[蚊子]. Their bite can kill their victims.
Putting everything together, I believe we have solved the mystery of Tut's death. The answers came from the walking sticks, the x-rays, the CT scans, the gene tests, and our thinking as scientists. Our theory is that Tut was weakened by a bone disease. When he broke his leg, an infection quickly spread. The infection and the malaria killed him.
At last, the case is closed, right? Not yet. I have new questions I hope to answer about this king and his family. I can't help it. I love digging into the unknown.
事情开始有头绪了。尽管如此，我需要更多资料。所以我提取了他的基因。
一系列检查进一步证实图坦卡蒙患有骨病，并显示他有疟疾。疟疾是一种经由受传染的蚊子传播的疾病。蚊子的叮咬可能危及受害者的生命。
把所有结果结合起来，我相信我们已经解开了图坦卡蒙的死亡之谜。答案来自那些手杖、X光检查、CT扫描、基因测定，以及我们作为科学家的思考研究。我们的结论是——图坦卡蒙由于骨病日渐虚弱，发生骨折后感染迅速扩散。感染和疟疾夺去了他的性命。
这个案子终于结束了，对吧？还没有。关于这位国王及其家人，我还有新的问题希望解决。没办法，我就是喜欢探究未知的问题。
注：印第安纳·琼斯是冒险电影《夺宝奇兵》（Indiana Jones）系列的主角，其形象特征为牛仔帽装扮以及长鞭。