萨尔茨堡位于奥地利西部、阿尔卑斯山正北面,该城市的建筑风格以巴洛克风格为主。据史料记载,萨尔茨堡是现今奥地利管辖地域内历史最悠久的城市。萨尔茨堡是音乐天才莫扎特的出生地,在莫扎特不到36年的短暂生命中,他有超过一半的岁月是在萨尔茨堡度过的。萨尔茨堡还是天才指挥家赫伯特·冯·卡拉扬的故乡,以及经典电影《音乐之声》的拍摄地。1996年,萨尔茨堡老城被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产的名单。
让我们跟随本文作者的视线和脚步,一同来感受一下这座风景优美的河畔小城其厚重的历史文化。
文字难度：★★☆
I confess, I was attracted to Salzburg by The Sound of Music, but I was surprised how completely charmed I was by the city.
我承认,是电影《音乐之声》把我吸引到萨尔茨堡这里来的,这座城市令我完全沉醉其中,那种沉醉程度连我自己也觉得惊讶。
Nestled in central-west Austria on the banks of the 1)Salzach River and just north of the Alps, Salzburg is one of Europe’s oldest and most fascinating cities, as well as one of the world’s most 2)prominent cities for music, architecture, and3)mediaeval and 4)baroque culture. From Mozart and The Sound of Music to its countless castles, church 5)spires, and courtyards or squares with fountains, Salzburg is truly a place where everything comes to life and reminisces about the beautiful simplicity from centuries ago.
坐落在奥地利中西部,位于萨尔扎克河畔、阿尔卑斯山正北面的萨尔茨堡,是欧洲最古老、最迷人的城市之一,它还是以音乐、建筑和中世纪及巴洛克时期的文化而闻名的世界名城之一。从莫扎特到影片《音乐之声》,再到那数不尽的城堡、教堂尖顶、庭院以及建有喷泉的广场,萨尔茨堡的确是个一切都活跃了起来,一切都在追忆几个世纪前的简单生活之美的地方。
First settled by monks, Salzburg is crammed with churches; they must have been impressed by its 6)dramatic surroundings of cliffs and mountains, and by the wide Salzach River running through the middle of the valley. These days it is a beautiful city with a surprising amount to do for such a small place. It is a city of two halves, with the Old Town housing some of the most popular tourist attractions, and the modern part of the city, just across the river, housing a large number of hotels and other businesses.
最先在萨尔茨堡定居的是一群修道士,因而这里教堂遍布。悬崖和山脉构成了引人注目的环境,开阔的萨尔扎克河从山谷中穿淌而过,那些修道士当初一定是为此动心而留下的。如今,这里成了一座消遣方式多得不可思议的美丽小城。这座城市分为两部分,“老城”有着当地一些最著名的旅游景点,以及这座城市较为现代的区域——就在河对岸,大批旅馆和其他商业机构都在那边。
The main obsessions in Salzburg are Mozart and The Sound of Music. Both had their births there—1756 and 1964, respectively—and both now 7)fuel the tourist industry. The locals are clearly prouder of Mozart than Hollywood’s 8)von Trapp, with most of the souvenirs being Mozart-related. If only they’d cared about him so much when he was alive!
萨尔茨堡的迷人之处主要在于莫扎特和影片《音乐之声》。两者分别于1756年和1964年诞生于此,如今都在促进当地旅游产业的发展。相比对好莱坞电影《音乐之声》里的冯·特拉普一家的感情,当地人明显更以莫扎特为荣,大多数旅游纪念品都与莫扎特相关。如果当地人在莫扎特生前如此看重他,那该多好!
There are quite literally hundreds of sights, streets, cafes, pubs, 9)beer gardens, churches, and 10)abbeys for you to visit when you’re taking a vacation to Salzburg. Here are the five highlights that you definitely don’t want to miss to really get into the culture of Salzburg:
当你前往萨尔茨堡度假,这儿确实有数百景点、街道、咖啡馆、酒吧、露天啤酒馆、教堂和修道院供你参观。你要想真正融入萨尔茨堡文化,就肯定不想错过该旅游胜地的以下五个精彩亮点:
1. Hohensalzburg Castle
霍亨萨尔茨堡城堡
Watching over the city from high above, atop the 1600-foot-high Festungsberg hill, this 900-year-old massive castle doubled as a fortress in its 11)heyday. It is one of the largest medieval castles in Europe, and it gives the city a fairy tale feeling. From its gates, you can catch a good 12)panoramic view of the city. Below, the 13)glacial waters of the Salzach River divide the “old” and the “new” city. Baroque churches, spires, and fountains line the streets of old Salzburg, and the Alps rise beyond the city.
在1600英尺高的费斯通斯堡山山顶之上,这个已900岁“高龄”的宏伟城堡守望着整座城市,它在其全盛时期还被用作要塞。它是欧洲最大的中世纪城堡之一,它给整座城市蒙上了一层童话色彩。站在该城堡的门口,你能捕捉到整座城市优美的全景。在山下,萨尔扎克河冰冷的河水将“老城”和“新城”隔开。巴洛克时期的教堂、尖顶和喷泉在萨尔茨堡老城的街道两边一字排开,在那里,你一抬头就能看见阿尔卑斯山。
2. Salzburg’s 14)Cathedral
萨尔茨堡大教堂
Long before Mozart and The Sound of Music made Salzburg famous, the city was renowned and prosperous for its valuable salt, mined during the Middle Ages. The 15)archbishops of Salzburg became rich and powerful, building the beautiful 16)edifices that stand today. Seventeenth century’s Archbishop Wolf Dietrich17)left his mark in the Baroque 18)splendor of Salzburg’s Cathedral. The Salzburg Cathedral is probably the city’s most significant piece of church architecture. With its magnificent 19)facade and mighty 20)dome, it represents the most 21)impressive early Baroque edifice north of the Alps. Destroyed by fire, then rebuilt, enlarged, and expanded, it bears witness to the power and independence of Salzburg’s archbishops. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the cathedral 22)organist for two years.
远在莫扎特和影片《音乐之声》使萨尔茨堡声名远播之前,这座城市就因其在中世纪时开采出珍贵的盐而闻名和繁盛。萨尔茨堡的大主教们变得富有而强大,他们修建了这些如今耸立在这里的美丽的大建筑物。17世纪的大主教沃尔夫·迪特里希因在巴洛克时期建造了萨尔茨堡大教堂这一宏伟的建筑物而出名。萨尔茨堡大教堂大概是这座城市所有教堂建筑中最重要的一座教堂。它的立面华丽,圆拱形屋顶颇有气势,它是阿尔卑斯山北部地区所有建于巴洛克时期前期的大建筑物中最威严的建筑物。当年被火烧毁后得到重建和扩展,它见证了萨尔茨堡主教们的权力和自立。沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特有两年的时间就在此教堂担任风琴手。
3. The Hellbrunn Palace
海尔布伦宫
It was home to one of the archbishops of Salzburg, who had a great sense of humor. When he had the palace built, he included numerous trick fountains in the design. One of the most famous is the table where his guests would eat—there are fountains under each chair (except his own, of course), and since guests were not allowed to stand in the presence of the archbishop, they were forced to remain seated when water suddenly starting spraying up from under their seats. There are many other such fountains, as well as statues, streams, and little 23)enclaves with dancing figures powered entirely by water.
这里是萨尔茨堡一个颇具幽默感的大主教的居所。当他让人把这个宫殿建成后,他还在整个房子的设计中加进了众多“喷水诡计装置”。其中最出名的一个是他给客人进餐用的桌子——每张椅子下面都有喷水口(当然,除了他自己的那张),由于当主教在场时,客人是不允许站着的,所以客人们被迫一直坐着,而水会突然开始从他们的座位下面往上喷。这个宫殿里还有很多此类喷水口,另外还有雕塑、小溪流,几处地方的四周还安装了一些全水动控制的跳舞人像。
4. Getreidegasse, Oldest and Busiest Street in Salzburg
“粮食胡同”——萨尔茨堡最古老最繁忙的大街
Getreidegasse, in the Old Town, is the busiest street in Salzburg and one of the most charming shopping districts in all of Europe. It is also the oldest road in the city; it was used during Roman times and was the only road leading from here to 24)Bavaria. From mediaeval times to today, this area has attracted the rich: those visiting for the Salzburg festival, tourists, those looking for Mozart’s birthplace, and 25)shopaholics. Mozart’s birthplace and family home is at Number 9 Getreidegasse. For a music fan, its historical instruments—like Mozart’s concert piano and his childhood violin—and manuscripts are fascinating.
位于老城的“粮食胡同”是萨尔茨堡最繁忙的街道,也是整个欧洲最诱人的购物点之一。它还是这座城市里最古老的路。它在罗马时期就发挥了用处,还是当时从萨尔茨堡通往巴伐利亚的唯一一条路。从中世纪至今,这个地区就一直吸引着一批批富人:有的为参观萨尔茨堡艺术节,有的来旅游,有的来寻找莫扎特的出生地,有的来疯狂购物。莫扎特的出生地及故居位于“粮食胡同”9号。对于乐迷来说,这所房子里的历史悠久的乐器——如莫扎特在音乐会上用的钢琴,以及他儿时用的小提琴——和音乐创作手稿都很吸引人。
5. The Salzburg Festival
萨尔茨堡艺术节
Festivals have been a big part of Austrian culture since the Middle Ages, including 26)extravagant costume balls and parties. The modern Salzburg Festival began in 1919 so that Salzburg’s traditional classical music and opera would be preserved and celebrated. Tiny Salzburg offers more than 2,000 live performances in its churches and palaces every year. Today, the festival offers rich and diverse music and drama from Mozart to today’s playwrights.
自中世纪以来,各种节日就是奥地利文化的一大部分,其中包括奢华的化妆舞会和派对。现代萨尔茨堡艺术节始于1919年,目的是保护和弘扬萨尔茨堡的传统古典音乐和话剧。小城萨尔茨堡每年都会在其教堂和宫殿里举办2000多场现场表演。今天,萨尔茨堡艺术节还会献上从莫扎特到当今剧作家的大量风格多种多样的音乐和戏剧。
Salzburg is more than just a charming tourist sight; it is the vitality of the people, the beauty of the landscape, the great food, and the music you hear from every 27)quarter. When you are in Salzburg, don’t forget to sit and enjoy a 28)klein brauner (black coffee with a dash of milk) in one of Salzburg’s many well-known cafes. You can sit, sip coffee, people watch, and not be bothered all morning or afternoon. Ah, the life of a European!
萨尔茨堡不仅仅是一个迷人的旅游景区,它还充满活力四射的当地人、美丽的风景、美味的食物,以及你在每一个地方都会听见的音乐。当你身处萨尔茨堡,别忘了走进萨尔茨堡众多知名咖啡店馆的其中一家咖啡馆,坐下来享用一杯“小杯的褐色咖啡”(只加些许牛奶而不加糖的咖啡)。你可以坐着,边细啜咖啡,边注视四周的人,一整个早上或一整个下午都不会被打扰。啊,典型的欧洲人生活!
