不能用手碰球、不能踢人,这恐怕是最不熟悉足球的人也知道的规则吧。可这些规则也来之不易,经过不少“斗争”呢。在世界杯进行得如火如荼的时候,我们一块儿来看看其中的故事吧。
英式发音 适合泛听
The most important event in the history of football, and possibly the identity of the greatest footballing nation of all time, might be found in 1)this book. It 2)recounts the story of a man who nearly prevented the world’s most popular sport from being invented at all.
In England, 1863, Francis Maude Campbell was playing with his associates from Blackheath Football Club. The game they played was a rough one where kicking the ball at the opponents was considered a highlight. Meanwhile, less than 100 kilometres away at Cambridge University, the sons of the well-to-do had been working on a set of fixed rules for their version of football since 1840. Football at Cambridge was not just a sporting tradition. It was considered an important part of student education. The players at Cambridge were led, in part, by Charles Maldin, a student at Trinity College.
Dr. John Little(Cambridge University): In England, the game was starting in the great public schools of Victorian England—Eton, Harrow, Winchester—and there they all played to slightly different rules. Some…some would catch the ball, some would not catch the ball, some could run with the ball, some may not run with the ball, and when those people left their schools and came to Cambridge University, they wanted to play together, and so they had to 3)devise a set of rules which they would all play to the same game.
足球史上最重大的事件与对可能是史上最伟大足球王国的认定或许在这本书里都能找到。此书记录了一名男子差点使这项世上最受欢迎的运动无法成为现实的过程。
在1863年的英国,弗朗西斯·莫德·坎贝尔与同伴都是布拉克希思足球俱乐部的成员。他们踢球动作粗野,用球踢中对手被视为球赛的高潮。同时,在不到一百公里以外的剑桥大学,一群富家子弟从1840年起就在为他们踢球的方式制订规则。足球在剑桥不只是一项体育运动传统,更被视为教育重要的一部分。剑桥队的队长是三一学院的学生查尔斯·摩顿。
约翰·利特尔博士(剑桥大学):英国足球始于维多利亚时期的著名公学,包括伊顿、哈罗和温彻斯顿,各校的球赛规则都稍有不同。有些可以持球,有些不行;有些可以抱着球跑,有些不允许。各校毕业生上了剑桥大学后,他们想要一起踢球,所以得先制订规则,大家才能同场踢球。
The official 4)minute book of football at this time stated that kicking opponents on the 5)shins, tripping them up and even pinning them to the ground were all permitted.
Dr. Rogan Taylor (Prof, Liverpool University): It was an argument between two factions, one of whom wanted to handle the ball and also to 6)hack with their feet and to trip—the 7)rugby faction—and the other, the high-born 8)aristocrats: they didn’t like to touch the ball with their hands, thank you very much.
At Cambridge and Oxford kicking or tripping up an opponent was not considered good sportsmanship, and picking up and carrying the ball was also frowned upon. Instead, the students there preferred to play only with their feet.
The minute book contains the report of a meeting of the two factions on the 1st of December, 1863. Among the attendees was Francis Maude Campbell, now the 9)treasurer of the newly-founded Football Association. This historic event took place at the Freemason Tavern in London’s Great Queen Street. For six weeks, the two factions had been trying to devise a common set of rules. What followed at their meeting was a scandal that would alter the evolution of the sport forever. In an unexpected result, the distinguished gentlemen from Cambridge prevailed with 14 votes to 13, winning the right to implement their changes to the rules of the game. Their decision was that the game should be played only with the feet, no more carrying the ball or tripping up and holding opponents. Campbell denounced the aristocratic 10)upstarts, calling them “betrayers of the beautiful game. ” But the decision had been made and the modern game of football was born. The new Cambridge rules were put into writing in the minute book.
Dr. Taylor: And so you’ve got a game which is based on a ridiculous proposition: here’s a ball, control it with your feet. No other ball game requires you not to use the most obvious part of your body. But these aristocrats, who were running the largest empire the world had ever seen at the time, liked to make things difficult.
Francis Maude Campbell left the meeting in protest. Several years later the Rugby Football Union was founded, a sport more closely related to his rules of the game.
当时一本正式的足球会议记录本指出,踢对手的小腿,绊倒对手,甚至扑压对手都是球赛中允许的动作。
洛甘·泰勒博士(利物浦大学教授):当时有两派不同的意见,一派要求允许在球赛中抱球,还要能踢对手的脚,绊倒对手。这是橄榄球的打法。另一派是贵族子弟,他们完全不想用手碰球,这可是想都不用想的事情。
剑桥和牛津的学生认为踢对手和绊倒对手是没有体育精神的表现,他们也不喜欢持球和抱球。这些学生宁愿只用脚踢球。
这个会议记录本包括了两派开会的报告,时间是1863年12月1日。弗朗西斯·莫德·坎贝尔也参加了会议,他现在是新成立的英国足协会计。这个历史性会议在位于伦敦的皇后大街的共济会酒馆举行。两派用了六周时间讨论足球赛的共同规则。此次会议的结果引起了公愤,差点永远改变了足球运动的演变进程。会议出现了意外结果,剑桥贵族获胜,投票结果是14比13。他们可以用自己的方法改变足球规则。他们决定足球只能用脚踢,不能再以手持球,也不能绊倒或抱住对手。坎贝尔指责这些傲慢自负的贵族背叛了这一美妙运动。但大事已定,现代足球就此诞生。新的剑桥规则被写入了会议记录。
泰勒博士:于是我们就有了这项立足点颇为荒谬的体育项目:你只能用脚控球。没有其他任何一项球类运动不准你使用身体最灵活的部位,但这些贵族统治着当时世界上最强大的帝国,他们就是喜欢把事情搞得很复杂。
弗朗西斯·莫德·坎贝尔退出会议以示抗议,橄榄球联盟在几年后成立——这种运动才是他所认定的足球。
翻译:旭文
