Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams话说梦的本质
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep?
It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to e important. Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.
CHRISTOPHER EVANS The stuff of dreams from The Listener
New words and expressions 生词和短语
speculation n. 推测
literally adv. 确实
odd adj. 奇特的
tissue n. 组织
plausible adj. 似乎有理的
hypothesis n. 假说
electroencephalograph n. 脑电图仪
electrode n. 电极
scalp n. 头皮
psychiatrist n. 精神病学家
punctuate v. 不时介入
jerky adj. 急动的
disorder n. 失调
implication n. 表明
参考译文
285. It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function,
很清楚，睡眠必然具有某种作用。
286. and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.
睡眠占去那么多时间，所以其作用似乎还是很重要。
287. Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years,
人们对睡眠作用的种种猜测，确实有数千年之久。
288. and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.
一项使人对这个问题感到困惑的奇怪的发现是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不仅仅是为了使身体得到休息。
289. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on,
“休息”，从使肌肉得到放松等方面来看，
290. can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.
只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能达到。
291. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree,
人体组织在一定程度上有自我修补和自我恢复的能力，
292. and function best when more or less continuously active.
有张有弛地连续活动时，其功能最佳。
293. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep
事实上，睡眠状态下仍有着基本的活动量，
294. which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
以防止肌肉活动停止。
295. If it is not a question of resting the body,
如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身体得到休息，
296. then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting?
那么也许是让大脑得以休息？
297. This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.
若不是下面两点，这种假使似乎是有道理的。
298. First the electroencephalograph
第一点，脑电图记录仪
299. shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep,
显示，人在睡眠时大脑活动的方式有变化，
300. there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.
但没有迹象表明，其活动总量有任何减少。
301. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.
第二点更有意思，也更重要。
302. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.
前些年，美国一位精神病学者发表了一篇报告，报告中记录了眼球在睡眠时的活动情况。
303. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements,
他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球队活动，
304. some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.
这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。
305. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.
在眼球活动期间被叫醒的人都说自己在做梦；
306. When woken at other times they reported no dreams.
在其他期间叫醒他们，则说没有做梦。
307. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end,
如果有两组人，一组人连续几夜在眼球队活动时被叫醒；
308. and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements,
另一组人也是连续几夜被叫醒，但是在眼球队没活动时被叫醒的。
309. the first group began to show some personality disorders
结果，第一组人开始出现性格失常，
310. while the others seemed more or less unaffected.
而第二组人似乎没受什么影响。
311. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered,but the disturbance of dreaming.
这一切暗示我们：睡眠受到干忧没关系，而做梦受到干忧是有问题的。